【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofFormaldehydeandOtherCarbonylCompoundsinAir(ActiveSamplerMethodology)
【原文标准名称】:测定空气中甲醛和其他羰基化合物的标准试验方法(快速取样法)
【标准号】:ASTMD5197-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;甲醛;空气;含量测定
【英文主题词】:activesampler;air;carbonylcompounds;DNPHcartridge;formaldehyde;HPLCanalysis
【摘要】:Thistestmethodprovidesananalyticalprocedureformeasuringformaldehydeandothercarbonylcompoundsinindoororoutdoorair.1.1Thistestmethodcoversaprocedureforthedeterminationofformaldehyde(HCHO)andothercarbonylcompounds(aldehydesandketones)inair.Othercarbonylcompoundsthathavebeenvalidatedfordeterminationbythismethodincludeacetaldehyde,acetone,propanal(propionaldehyde),methacrolein,2-butanone(methylethylketone),butyraldehyde,benzaldehyde,isovaleraldehyde,valeraldehyde,o-tolualdehyde,m-tolualdehyde,p-tolualdehyde,hexanal,and2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde.Acroleinandcrotonaldehydemaybequantifiedwithgoodaccuracyfollowingspecialprecautions(see10.2.5).1.2Thistestmethodinvolvesdrawingairthroughacartridgecontainingsilicagelcoatedwith2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)reagent.CarbonylcompoundsreadilyformstablederivativeswiththeDNPHreagent.TheDNPHderivativesareanalyzedforparentaldehydesandketonesutilizinghighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC).ThesamplingprocedureisamodificationofU.S.EPAMethodTO-11A(see2.2).1.3ThistestmethodisbasedonthespecificreactionofcarbonylcompoundswithDNPHinthepresenceofanacidtoformstablederivativesaccordingtothereactionshowninFig.1,(where:bothRandR1arealkyloraromaticgroups(ketones),orboth,oreitherRorR1isahydrogenatom(aldehydes)).Thedeterminationofformaldehydeandothercarbonylcompounds,asDNPHderivatives,issimilartothatofU.S.EPAMethodTO-11AinthatitutilizesHPLCwithUVdetectionastheanalyticalfinish.ThedetectionlimitshavebeenextendedtoothercarbonylcompoundsthatcanbedeterminedasoutlinedinSection10.2.4.Thistestmethodissuitablefordeterminationofformaldehydeandothercarbonylcompoundsintheconcentrationrangefromapproximately10ppbto1ppm(v/v).1.4Thesamplingmethodgivesatime-weightedaverage(TWA)sample.Itcanbeusedforlong-term(1to24h)orshort-term(5to60min)samplingofairforformaldehyde.1.5ThistestmethodinstructstheuseronhowtopreparesamplingcartridgesfromcommerciallyavailablechromatographicgradesilicagelcartridgesbytheapplicationofacidifiedDNPHtoeachcartridge.1.6Thesamplingflowrate,asdescribedinthistestmethod,hasbeenvalidatedforsamplingratesupto1.5L/min.Thisflowratelimitationisprincipallyduetothehighpressuredrop(>8kPaat1.0L/min)acrosstheuserpreparedsilicagelcartridgeswhichhaveaparticlesizeof55to105956;m.Thesecartridgesarenotgenerallycompatiblewithbattery-poweredpumpsusedinpersonalsamplingequipment(forexample,thoseusedbyindustrialhygienists.)1.7Alternatively,pre-coatedDNPHsilicagelcartridgesarealsocommerciallyavailableandmaybesubstitutedprovidedtheycanbedemonstratedtoperformequivalently.Someoftheseusesilicagelofalargerparticlesizethatresultsinalowerpressuredropacrossthecartridge.Theselowpressuredropcartridgesmaybemoresuitableforsamplingairusingbattery-poweredpersonalsamplingpumps.1.8ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.9Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G17
【国际标准分类号】:71_080_80
【页数】:15P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforAssessingtheTendencyofIndustrialBoilerWaterstoCauseEmbrittlement(USBMEmbrittlementDetectorMethod)
【原文标准名称】:评价工业锅炉用水引起脆裂倾向的标准实施规程(美国矿业局的脆变检查器方法)
【标准号】:ASTMD807-2005(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.03
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:boilerwater;cracking;detector;embrittlement;intercrystalline;Boilerfeedwater;Corrosivity--water;Embrittlement;Pressurevesselsteelforgings;USBMtest;Watercorrosivity
【摘要】:Embrittlementisaformofintercrystallinecrackingthatisassociatedwiththeexposureofboilersteeltoacombinationofphysicalandchemicalfactors.Forembrittlementofboilermetaltooccur,themetalmustbeunderstress,itmustbeatthesiteofaleak,anditmustbeexposedtotheconcentratedboilerwater.Inaddition,theboilerwatermustbeembrittlinginnature.Theprecisechemicalcausesoftheembrittlingnatureofsomewatersisnotwellunderstood.Experiencehasshownthatcertainwatersexhibitanembrittlingcharacteristicwhileothersdonot.Becauseembrittlementisaformofcracking,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectinanoperatingboileruntilafailurehasoccured.Ingeneral,crackingfailurestendtobesudden,andoftenwithseriousconsequences.Thispracticeoffersawaytodeterminewhetheraparticularwaterisembrittlingornot.Italsomakesitpossibletodetermineifspecifictreatmentactionshaverenderedthewaternonembrittling.1.1Thispractice,knownastheembrittlement-detectormethod,coverstheapparatusandprocedurefordeterminingtheembrittlingornonembrittlingcharacteristicsofthewaterinanoperatingboiler.TheinterpretationoftheresultsshallberestrictedtothelimitssetforthinSection8.6.Note18212;Theembrittlementdetectorwasdesignedtoreproducecloselytheconditionsexistinginanactualboilerseam.Itisconsideredprobablethattheindividualconditionsofleakage,concentration,andstressintheboilerseamcanequalthoseinthedetector.Theessentialdifferencebetweenthedetectorandtheboileristhattheformerissoconstructedandoperatedthatthesethreemajorfactorsactsimultaneously,continuously,andunderthemostfavorablecircumstancestoproducecracking;whereas,intheboilerthethreefactorsarebroughttogetheronlyunderuniquecircumstances.Furthermore,inthedetectoranycrackingisproducedinasmalltestsurfacethatcanbeinspectedthoroughly,whilethesusceptibleareasinaboilerarelargeandcanbeinspectedonlywithdifficulty.Intheserespectstheembrittlementdetectorprovidesanacceleratedtestofthefourthconditionnecessaryforembrittlement,theembrittlingnatureoftheboilerwater.Note28212;Cracksinaspecimenafterbeingsubjectedtothistestindicatethattheboilerwatercancauseembrittlementcracking,butnotthattheboilerinquestionnecessarilyhascrackedorwillcrack.1.2Theeffectivenessoftreatmenttopreventcracking,aswellasanindicationofwhetheranunsafeconditionexists,areshownbythispractice.Suchtreatmentsareevaluatedintermsofmethodspecimenresistancetofailure.1.3Thepracticemaybeappliedtoembrittlementresistancetestingofsteelsotherthanboilerplate,providedthataduplicate,unexposedspecimendoesnotcrackwhenbent90x00B0;ona2-in.(51-mm)radius.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:J98
【国际标准分类号】:27_060_30
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语