【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforCrimpFrequencyofmanufacturedStapleFibers
【原文标准名称】:纺纱用人造短纤维卷曲率的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD3937-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.58
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化学纤维;试验;纺织纤维;纺织材料
【英文主题词】:crimp;textilefibers
【摘要】:Thistestmethodforthedeterminationofcrimpfrequencyofmanufacturedstaplefibersmaybeusedfortheacceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsbutcautionisadvisedsincebetween-laboratoryprecisionisknowntobepoor.Comparativetestsconductedasdirectedin5.1.1maybeadvisable.5.1.1Iftherearedifferencesorpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwolaboratories(ormore),comparativetestsshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,testsamplesthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthematerialfromwhichthedisparatetestresultswereobtained,andrandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Thetestresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusingastatisticaltestforunpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortotestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.Thistestmethodisusedforqualitycontrol.Itisanunsophisticatedprocedurewhichisparticularlyusefulindetectingmajordifferencesincrimpfrequency.Thistestmethodisnotconsideredtobeusefulinresearchanddevelopmentwhereminordifferencesormorecompletecrimpcharacterization,includingamplitudeandindex,maybenecessary.Crimpinfiberaffectsthecardingandsubsequentprocessingofthefiberintoeitherayarnoranonwovenfabric.Staplecrimpinfiberwillalsoaffectthebulkoropennessofayarnandthereforethehandandvisualappearanceofthefinishedtextileproduct.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecrimpfrequencyofmanufacturedstaplefibers.Thistestmethodisapplicabletoallcrimpedprovidedthecrimpcanbeviewedtwo-dimensionallyasasine-waveconfiguration.1.1.1Itshouldberecognizedthatyarnmanufacturingprocessesortreatmentstomanufacturedyarnscaninfluenceormodifycrimpinfiber.Hence,thevalueforcrimpoffiberstakenfromspunyarnsmaybedifferentthanthatofthesamefiberpriortothemanufacturingortreatmentprocesses.1.2Threeoptionsareprovidedforpreparationofthespecimens.OptionOne(preferred)usessinglefibersforthespecimenswithalowmagnificationavailable,OptionTwo(optionalforstapleortowsamples)usesfiberchipsasthespecimens,andOptionThreeusesprojectedimagesofsinglefibers.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Theinch-poundunitsinparenthesesareforinformationonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:W50
【国际标准分类号】:59_060_20
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Opticalamplifiers-Testmethods-Part11-1:Polarizationmodedispersionparameter-Jonesmatrixeigenanalysis(JME)
【原文标准名称】:光学放大器.试验方法.偏振模式分散度参数.琼斯矩阵特征分析法(JME)
【标准号】:BSEN61290-11-1-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2008-09-30
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-30
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:放大器;分析;分散;频散;电气工程;纤维光学;纤维;琼斯;数学计算;矩阵;测量;测量技术;动量;光学装置;光波导;光学;参数;光弹法;偏振模式分散;偏振;半导体;电信;测试;波长
【英文主题词】:Amplifiers;Analysis;Dispersion;Dispersion(waves);Electricalengineering;Fibreoptics;Fibres;Jones;Mathematicalcalculations;Matrices;Measurement;Measuringtechniques;Momentum;Opticaldevices;Opticalwaveguides;Optics;Parameters;Photoelasticmethods;Polarizationmodedispersion;Polarization(wavephysics);Semiconductors;Telecommunications;Testing;Wavelengths
【摘要】:ThispartofIEC61290appliestoallcommerciallyavailableopticalamplifiers(OAs),includingopticalfibreamplifiers(OFAs)usingactivefibres,semiconductoropticalamplifiers(SOAs),andplanarwaveguideopticalamplifiers(PWOAs).Polarization-modedispersion(PMD)causesanopticalpulsetospreadinthetimedomain.Thisdispersioncouldimpairtheperformanceofatelecommunicationssystem.Theeffectcanberelatedtodifferentialgroupvelocityandcorrespondingarrivaltimesofdifferentpolarizationcomponentsofthesignal.Foranarrowbandsource,theeffectcanberelatedtoadifferentialgroupdelay(DGD)betweenpairsoforthogonallypolarizedprincipalstatesofpolarization(PSP).OtherinformationaboutPMDmaybefoundinIEC61282-9ingeneralandinIEC61292-5onOAsinparticular.ThistestmethoddescribesaprocedureformeasuringthePMDofOAs.ThemeasurementresultisobtainedfromthemeasurementofthenormalizedStokesparametersattwocloselyspacedwavelengths.Thetestmethoddescribedhereinrequiresapolarizedsignalattheinputofthepolarimeterwithadegreeofpolarization(DOP)ofatleast25%.Althoughthetestsourceishighlypolarized,theDOPattheoutputoftheOAisreducedbyamplifiedspontaneousemission(ASE).AnnexAanalysestheimpactofASEontheDOP.Inordertoassureanaccuratemeasurement,theDOPismeasuredaspartofthemeasurementprocedure.Themethoddescribedhereinhasbeenshowntobeimmunetopolarization-dependentgain(PDG)andpolarizationdependentloss(PDL)uptoapproximately1dB.AlthoughtheJonesmatrixeigenanalysis(JME)testmethodisinprinciplealsoapplicabletounpumped(thatis,unpowered)OAs,theJMEtechniqueinthisstandardappliestopumped(thatis,powered)OAsonly.
【中国标准分类号】:M33
【国际标准分类号】:33_180_30
【页数】:16P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语